PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol)

¹Ú½Ãµ¿

(1999.10 ~ 2000.04 ADSL Project ¼öÇà½Ã)

 

¡§         °ü·Ã RFC : RFC 1661, 1172, 1332, 1877

¡§         WAN ±¸°£ »çÀÌÀÇ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ (º¸Åë ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿Í ¶ó¿ìÅÍ »çÀÌ, °¡Á¤Áý°ú RAS»çÀÌ)

¡§         Transition State

¡§         PPP ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ±¸Á¶

l       Protocol Çʵå

-    ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ½Äº°ÀÚ(LCP,Authentication, NCP, Network layer ±¸ºÐ)

-     0***¡­3*** : Network layer ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ, 8***¡­b*** : NCP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ, c***¡­f*** : LCP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ

-    ÁÖ¿ä ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄݽĺ°ÀÚ(C021: LCP, 8021: IPCP, C023: PAP, 0021: IP, CO25: L.Q.R, C223: CHAP)

¡§         »óÈ£ PPP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ »çÀÌÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Ç÷οì

l       LCP Çù»ó(¸µÅ©°èÃþ-Layer 2¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀ» ÇùÀÇ)

-    ÀÌ ¶§ °¢°¢ÀÇ Peer(Åë½ÅÀÇ »ó´ë¹æ)´Â ÀڱⰡ °¡Áø Á¶°ÇÀ» »ó´ëÆí Peer¿¡°Ô ÇùÀÇ¿äûÀ» ÇÑ ÈÄ, ¼­·Î ComfirmÀÌ µÇ¸é ´ÙÀ½ ´Ü°è¸¦ ÁøÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (¼­·ÎÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀÌ ¸Â¾Æ¾ß ÇÔ)

-    PPP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ±¸Çö¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ Á¶°ÇÀÌ ¾È ¸ÂÀ¸¸é ÀÌ ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ dropÇØ¹ö¸®´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ°í, ¾î¶² °æ¿ì´Â »ó´ë¹æÀÌ °ÅºÎÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¹ö¸®°í ´Ù½Ã nego¸¦ ÇØ¼­ ¸ÂÃç°¡´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÀ½

l       LCP nego°¡ ³¡³ª¸é(¼­·Î »ó´ë¹æÀÇ Á¶°Ç¿¡ ok ´äÀåÇÔ)

l       Authentication

-    LCP negoÇÑ ¿É¼Ç Áß authenticationÀ» ÇÏÀÚ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é ÀÎÁõ °úÁ¤À» °Åħ. LCP nego ¿É¼Ç Áß ¾î¶² ÀÎÁõ°úÁ¤(PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ)À̳Ŀ¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁü

-    »óÈ£ ÀÎÁõÀ» ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ°í(ÁøÂ¥ peer-to-peerÀÎ °æ¿ì, »óÈ£ active, ÁÖ·Î router³¢¸® ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì), ÇÑÂʸ¸ authentication ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì(client/serverÀÎ °æ¿ì, ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëÀÚ PC¿Í RAS »çÀÌ)µµ ÀÖÀ½

l       LCP, AuthenticationÀÌ ³¡³ª¸é NCP(³×Æ®¿÷°èÃþ(Layer 3)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇùÀÇ) ½ÃÀÛ

-    ³×Æ®¿÷°èÃþÀÇ Á¾·ù¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç(IP¿¡¼­´Â IPCP, IPX¿¡¼­´Â IPXCP µî), ³×Æ®¿÷°èÃþ¿¡ ¼­ÀÇ Åë½Å½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿©·¯ »çÇ×µéÀÌ ÇùÀÇ. ÀÌ ¶§¿¡¼­ °¢°¢ÀÇ Peer´Â °¢±â ÀڱⰡ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ±âº» ÇùÀÇ»çÇ×À» °¡Áö°í ÇùÀǸ¦ Çϸç, µÎ PeerÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ÃæÁ·µÇ¸é ³×Æ®¿÷°èÃþÀÇ Åë½ÅÀÌ ½ÃÀÛ.

l       NCP °úÁ¤ÀÌ ³¡³ª¸é

-    Network °èÃþÀÇ Åë½ÅÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ µ¥(Networ °èÃþÀÌ IPÀÎ °æ¿ì ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ½Äº°ÀÚ°¡ 0021·Î Ç¥½Ã), ÀÌ ¶§ ´Ù½Ã ³×Æ®¿÷ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÇùÀDZâ´É(¿¹¸¦ µé¸é DHCP µî) À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ Á¶°ÇµéÀ» ÇùÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

l       ¸ðµç Á¶°ÇÀÌ ³¡³ª°í network °èÃþ°£ Åë½Å ½ÃÀ۽à PPP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀº ¹°¸® °èÃþ¿¡¼­ ¿À´Â µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ¼­ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄݽĺ°ÀÚ¸¦ »©°í À­´Ü °èÃþÀ¸·Î ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ´Â ¿ªÇÒ¸¸ ¼öÇà. LCPÀÇ ¿É¼Ç¿¡ µû¶ó »ó´ë¹æ linkÀÇ ´Ù¿îÀ» ¾Ë±â À§ÇØ LCP¿¡¼­ keep alive check µ¥ÀÌÅÍ(echo request)¸¦ ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î º¸³»´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÀ½

 

l       PPP flow #1

l       PPP flow #2

¡§         LCP(Link Control Protocol)

l       ¸µÅ© ¼³Á¤, À¯Áö, ±¸¼º, ÇØÁ¦ ´ã´ç, Option Nego ±â´É

l       code(LCP ÆÐŶÁ¾·ù), ID(»ó´ë¹æÀÌ reply½Ã syncÀ§ÇØ), Length(LCPÆÐŶÀüü±æÀÌ)

code

Packet type

Description

0x01

Configure-request

Contains the list of proposed options and their values

 

0x02

Configure-ack

Accepts all options proposed

 

0x03

Configure-nak

Announces that some options are not acceptable

 

0x04

Configure-reject

Announces that some options are not recognized

 

0x05

Terminate-request

Requests to shut the line down

 

0x06

Terminate-ack

Accepts the shut-down request

 

0x07

Code-reject

 

Announces an unknown code

 

0x08

Protocol-reject

 

Announces an unknown protocol

 

0x09

Echo-request

 

A type of hello message to check if the other end is alive.

 

0x0A

Echo-reply

 

The response to the echo-request message

 

0x0B

Discard-request

 

A request to discard the packet

 

l       TypeÀÇ Á¾·ù

-    MRU_OPTION                                         1 (The maximum size of the packet that can be received on a link, default = 1500)

-    ACCM_OPTION                                      2 (Asynchronous Character Control Map)

Async-Control-Character-MapÀÇ °¢°¢ÀÇ Bit´Â ±× °ª¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ASCII control character¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹) ¸¸¾à 19¹ø Bit°¡ 0ÀÌ µÇ¸é, ASCII control character 19 (DC3, Control-S) ´Â mapÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù

-    AUTH_OPTION                                       3 (The protocol to be used for authentication, default = none)

Authentication Type
c023 : PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)
c225 : CHAP (Challenged Handshake Authentication Protocol)

-    LQR_OPTION                                           4 (The protocol to be used for link quality monitoring and management)

Reporting-Period´Â msec ´ÜÀ§·Î Link-Quality-Report ÆÐÄÏÀ» º¸³»´Â ½Ã°£À» Á¤ÀÇ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Link-Quality-Report
ÆÐÄÏÀÇ º¸°í ÇüÅ´ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄݽĺ°ÀÚ°¡ c023ÀÎ ÆÐÄÏÀ¸·Î ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î ±³È¯ µË´Ï´Ù.
º°µµÀÇ Negotiation ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ÂüÁ¶

-    MAGIC_OPTION                                     5 (Magic number)

Magic-Number´Â LinkÇÑÂÊ¿¡ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ ¹øÈ£°¡ ÇÒ´ç µË´Ï´Ù.
À̰ÍÀº ȸ¼±ÀÌ Loop-backÀÌ µÇ¾îÀÖ´ÂÁö, ¶Ç´Â Link layerÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ¯¹«¸¦ ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ë µË´Ï´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ȸ¼±ÀÌ Loop-backÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸é ¶È°°Àº Magic-Number¸¦ °¡Áø ÆÐÄÏÀÌ µÇµ¹¾Æ ¿É´Ï´Ù

-    PFC_OPTION                                           7 (Enabling/disabling the protocol field compression, default = off)

À̰ÍÀº Data Link Layer Protocol fieldÀÇ Compression¿¡ Àû¿ë µË´Ï´Ù.
¾ÐÃà¹æ½ÄÀº ISO 3309 extension¿¡ µû¸¨´Ï´Ù.

-    ACFC_OPTION                                        8 (Enabling/disabling compression of the address and control fields, default = off)

À̰ÍÀº Data Link Layer Address and Control fieldÀÇ ¾ÐÃà¿¡ ´ëÇÑ NegotiationÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¸¸¾à ¾ÐÃàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Nego.°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù¸é 0xff ¿Í 0x03À¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ÆÐÄÏÀº ¾ÐÃàÀÌ ¾ÈµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±×·¸Áö¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº ¾ÐÃàµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÇØ¼®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

-    FCS_OPTION                                           9

l       type+length+data ¿¡¼­ length = type+length+data

l       ¿¹)

Tx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=16

  [000] C0 21 01 00 00 0E 05 06 00 00 48 B1 07 02 08 02       !        H

Rx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=16

  [000] FF 03 C0 21 01 01 00 0C 01 04 05 DC 03 04 C0 23         !           #

Rx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=12

  [000] FF 03 C0 21 04 00 00 08 07 02 08 02                     !

Tx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=14

  [000] C0 21 02 01 00 0C 01 04 05 DC 03 04 C0 23             !           #

Tx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=12

  [000] C0 21 01 01 00 0A 05 06 00 00 48 B1                   !        H

Rx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=14

  [000] FF 03 C0 21 02 01 00 0A 05 06 00 00 48 B1               !        H

Rx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=12

[000] FF 03 C0 21 09 00 00 08 00 00 00 00                     !

Tx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=10

[000] C0 21 0A 00 00 08 00 00 48 B1                         !      H

¡§         Authentication – PAP(Password Authentication Protocol)

l       2´Ü°è ó¸® ÀýÂ÷, »ç¿ëÀÚ À̸§°ú ÆÐ½º¿öµå Àü´Þ, À¯È¿¼º È®ÀÎ ÈÄ¿¡ ¿¬°á Çã¿ë ¶Ç´Â °ÅºÎ

l       ¿¹)

Tx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=21

  [000] C0 23 01 05 00 13 0D 63 70 65 30 33 32 40 68 61    #     cpe032@ha

  [010] 6E 61 72 6F 00                                       naro

Rx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=15

  [000] C0 23 02 05 00 0D 08 4C 6F 67 69 6E 20 6F 6B          #     Login ok

¡§         Authentication – CHAP(Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)

l       3 way handshake ÀÎÁõ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ, ÆÐ½º¿öµå°¡ º¸³»Áö´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ô

¡§         NCP(Network Control Protocol) - IPCP(IP Control Protocol)

l       IP network layer¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇùÀÇ

l       CODE ³»¿ë

code

Packet type

0x01

Configure-request

0x02

Configure-ack

0x03

Configure-nak

0x04

Configure-reject

0x05

Terminate-request

0x06

Terminate-ack

0x07

Code-reject

 

³ª¸ÓÁö code´Â code-rejectµÊ

l       Type ³»¿ë

type

Á¾·ù

¿ªÇÒ

±æÀÌ

1

IP Address

ÇöÀç »ç¿ë¾ÈÇÔ, configure-rejectµÊ

 

2

IP-compression-protocol

IP compression ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Á¤ÀÇ

>=4

3

IP Address

IP Address nego

6

0x81

Primary DNS

DNS ¼­¹ö nego

6

0x82

Primary NBNS

NBNS ¼­¹ö nego

6

0x83

Secondary DNS

 

6

0x84

Secondary NBNS

 

6

l       IP-compression-protocolÀÏ °æ¿ì

Âü°í : Van Jacobson TCP/IP header compressionÀ» »ç¿ëÇϰíÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§
- Protocol
Çʵå
0x0021 : Type IP. The IP protocol is not TCP, or the packet is a frament, or cannot be compressed.
0x002d : Compressed TCP. The TCP/IP headers are replaced by the compressed header.
0x002f : Uncompressed TCP. The IP protocol field is replaced by the slot identifier

l       IP-address ÀÏ °æ¿ì

ip-address ¿µ¿ªÀÌ 0À¸·Î ä¿öÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸é »ó´ë¹æÀÌ IP¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇØ ´Þ¶ó´Â ¶æ

l       DNS/NBNS ÀÎ °æ¿ì

¡§         IPCP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÇ ÇùÀÇ ¹æ¹ý

l       ¸ÁÃø Àåºñ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÇùÀÇ ¹æ¹ý

¸ÁÃø Àåºñ´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ IP ¾îµå·¹½º, DNS ¼­¹ö ÁÖ¼ÒµîÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡ÀÔÀÚÃø PC·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁÝ´Ï´Ù.

¸ÁÃø Àåºñ·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¹ÞÀº °¡ÀÔÀÚÃø PC´Â ¸ÁÃø ÀåºñÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ È®ÀÎÇϰí Comfirm(Ack.) ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³À´Ï´Ù.

l       °¡ÀÔÀÚÃø PC¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÇùÀÇ ¹æ¹ý

°¡ÀÔÀÚÃø PC´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ IP ¾îµå·¹½º¿Í DNS ¼­¹ö ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¸ð¸£±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¸ÁÃø Àåºñ·Î ÇØ´ç ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ¾Ë·Á´Þ¶ó´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³À´Ï´Ù. : IPCPÀÇ Configure request¿¡¼­ IP ¾îµå·¹½º¿Í DNS ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ 0.0.0.0 À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© ¸ÁÃø Àåºñ·Î º¸³À´Ï´Ù.

°¡ÀÔÀÚÃø PC·ÎºÎÅÍ IP ¾îµå·¹½ºµîÀÇ Á¤º¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äûÀ» ¹ÞÀº ¸ÁÃø Àåºñ´Â ÇØ´ç ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇÏ¿© °¡ÀÔÀÚÃø PC·Î ¼öÁ¤¿ä±¸¸¦ ¿äûÇÏ´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ¹ß¼Û ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (±×·±µ¥ º¸ÅëÀº PC¿¡¼­ NBNS Ç׸ñ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ä±¸°¡ ÇÔ²² ¿äûÀÌ ¿Í, óÀ½¿¡´Â ÇØ´ç Ç׸ñÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿© Reject ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³½ÈÄ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤À» ¼öÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù.) À̰Ϳ¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇùÀÇ °úÁ¤Àº ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â PPP ÇùÀÇ °úÁ¤À» ÂüÁ¶Çϱ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.

¼öÁ¤ ¿äûÀ» ¹ÞÀº °¡ÀÔÀÚ PC´Â ÇØ´ç IP ¾îµå·¹½ºµîÀ» ÀÚ±â PCÀÇ ¾îµå·¹½ºµîÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ ÈÄ, ÇØ´ç ¿äû ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ë¿Ï·á¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö(Configure Ack.)¸¦ ¸ÁÃø Àåºñ·Î º¸³» IPCPÀÇ ÇùÀǸ¦ Á¾·áÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

l       ¿¹

Tx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=36

  [000] 80 21 01 03 00 22 03 06 00 00 00 00 81 06 00 00    !   "

  [010] 00 00 82 06 00 00 00 00 83 06 00 00 00 00 84 06

  [020] 00 00 00 00

Rx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=12

  [000] 80 21 01 01 00 0A 03 06 D3 6C 31 01                   !       l1

Rx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=18

  [000] 80 21 04 03 00 10 82 06 00 00 00 00 84 06 00 00    !

  [010] 00 00

Tx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=12

  [000] 80 21 02 01 00 0A 03 06 D3 6C 31 01                   !       l1

Tx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=24

  [000] 80 21 01 04 00 16 03 06 00 00 00 00 81 06 00 00    !

  [010] 00 00 83 06 00 00 00 00

Rx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=24

  [000] 80 21 03 04 00 16 03 06 D3 6C 31 02 81 06 D2 5E    !       l1    ^

  [010] 00 07 83 06 A4 7C 65 02                                   |e

Tx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=24

  [000] 80 21 01 05 00 16 03 06 D3 6C 31 02 81 06 D2 5E    !       l1    ^

  [010] 00 07 83 06 A4 7C 65 02                                   |e

Rx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=24

  [000] 80 21 02 05 00 16 03 06 D3 6C 31 02 81 06 D2 5E    !       l1    ^

  [010] 00 07 83 06 A4 7C 65 02                                   |e

¡§         IPCP±îÁö Nego°¡ ´Ù ³¡³­ ÈÄ

l       NCP ±îÁöÀÇ ÇùÀǰ¡ ¸ðµÎ Á¾·áÇÑ ÈÄ °¡ÀÔÀÚ PC¿Í ¸ÁÃø Àåºñ»çÀÌ¿¡´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ½Äº°ÀÚ°¡ 0021(IP Network layer)·Î ¼³Á¤Çϰí Information Çʵ忡´Â TCP/IP ÆÐÄÏÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî Åë½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾î Áö°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.

l       Network Layer¿¡¼­ DHCP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ÇùÀǰ¡ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

l       ¿¹

Tx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=62

  [000] 00 21 45 00 00 3C 34 EC 00 00 20 01 8F 01 D3 6C    !E  <4        l

  [010] 31 02 D2 5E 00 07 08 00 41 5C 03 00 09 00 61 62   1  ^    A\    ab

  [020] 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 70 71 72   cdefghijklmnopqr

  [030] 73 74 75 76 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69            stuvwabcdefghi

Rx(PPPoA) : CID=0 len=62

  [000] 00 21 45 00 00 3C 91 CB 40 00 FD 01 15 21 D2 5E    !E  <  @    ! ^

  [010] 00 07 D3 6C 31 02 00 00 49 5C 03 00 09 00 61 62      l1   I\    ab

  [020] 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 70 71 72   cdefghijklmnopqr

  [030] 73 74 75 76 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69            stuvwabcdefghi

¡§         ȸ¼± Á¡°Ë

¸µÅ©°èÃþ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÇ Æ¯Â¡Àº Á¤±âÀûÀΠȸ¼± Á¡°ËÀ» Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©, Ç×»ó ¸µÅ© »óŸ¦ Á¡°ËÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

µû¶ó¼­, PPP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀº LCP ÆÐÄÏÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Á¤±âÀûÀΠȸ¼± Á¡°ËÀ» ½Ç½ÃÇÏ´Â µ¥, ÀÌ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÆÐÄÏÀÌ Echo_Request, Echo_Reply ÆÐÄÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

LCP ÆÐÄÏÀº Network layerÀÇ ÆÐÄÏÀÌ Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â Áß¿¡µµ, ÇùÀǰ¡ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 

Âü°í) 

http://www.bora.net/sub/techinfo/tip/protocol_c.html

°æÈñ´ë ¼¼¹Ì³ª ÀÚ·á : 15Àå PPP


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